![]() September expectations for about US$30bn in high-yield issuance follow the US$31.34bn in global volume priced in August, a record for that month. Short-term bridges taken out to finance spin-offs and acquisitions will need to be replaced with commercial paper and bond issuance at some point, and it’s likely issuers will want to do that before their earnings black-out period in the fourth quarter.Ĭompanies with outstanding M&A and spin-off bridges include Abbott, with a US$7.5bn bridge taken out to spin off its pharmaceutical business Eaton with a US$6.25bn bridge that backed its acquisition of Cooper Industrial Nestle, with a US$8.5bn bridge to back its US$11.85bn takeover of Pfizer Nutrition Walgreen with a US$3.5bn bridge loan taken out as part of its US$6.7bn acquisition of a 45% stake in Alliance Boots Aetna with ab out US$2.5bn of funding in bonds and cp as part of its US$7.3bn purchase of Coventry Health Care and WellPoint w ith abou t US$4.2bn of debt funding needed for its US$4.9bn acquisition of Amerigroup. With market conditions so strong right now there is really no reason to wait for the fourth quarter, when you could see volatility around European sovereigns, the presidential elections and the fiscal cliff.”Ĭorporates rather than FIG issuers will dominate the calendar, according to bankers. “We are looking for about $90-$100bn to be issued in September, as issuers continue to pull forward their funding needs. “September is likely to see the last flurry of large issuance for the year,” said Dan Mead, managing director and head of Financial Institutions Group (FIG) syndicate at Bank of America Merrill Lynch. The same factors are driving September’s issuance expectations, along with concerns among US borrowers that the fourth quarter could be especially volatile because of the presidential elections and the fiscal cliff dilemma. “We are being told to expect big supply post-Labor Day in investment-grade, high-yield and even leverage loans,” said Michael Collins, a senior investment officer with Prudential.Ĭorporates have been pulling their funding plans forward into the summer months to take advantage of overwhelming demand for yield, at a time when low rates had made funding costs the best they have ever experienced. ![]() Aug 30 (IFR) - The US bond markets are bracing for as much as US$130bn of investment-grade and high-yield bond issues in September, with some of the world’s biggest corporates looking to pull forward their fourth-quarter funding plans while the going is good.ĭespite unprecedented amounts of corporate offerings in July and August in both markets, about $80bn to US$100bn of new issuance has built up for the investment-grade market and around US$30bn is estimated for high-yield. ![]()
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![]() ![]() If you have further unused Activation Codes, simply repeat the steps accordingly.ĭuring the activation, licenses that are usually stored in a Soft-eLicenser on a hard disk can alternatively be stored on a connected USB-eLicenser. As soon as the license has been downloaded, it will appear in the right column of the eLicenser Control Center under 'Licenses'.Click on and finally on to complete activation.The Activation Code must not have been used before. Of course, you can also copy and paste the code into the input field. If the required USB-eLicenser or Soft-eLicenser is displayed, click on the green button at the upper left of the eLicenser Control Center.If the Soft-eLicenser appears to be missing, please click here. If your software does not ask for an USB-eLicenser, the license will be stored in the Soft-eLicenser which will be represented by a hard disk symbol on the left side under 'eLicensers'. If the USB-eLicenser appears to be missing, please click here. In case your software requires an USB-eLicenser or if you want to use one, make sure the USB-eLicenser is connected and displayed by the eLicenser Control Center. USB-eLicenser and Soft-eLicenser in the eLicenser Control Center Apply the 'Maintenance & Online Synchronisation' by clicking on 'Perform Maintenance Tasks' (or click on the 'Maintenance' button at the top right if not shown).You will find it under 'Program Files' (Windows) or 'Applications' (Mac OS X). Some installers allow for including updates during the installation. Install the latest update if available in the Steinberg Download Assistant or on our download pages. ![]() The following instructions outline the Activation - thus the download of a license by entering an Activation Code in the eLicenser Control Center - in detail. Legacy versions of Cubase LE, Cubase AI and WaveLab LEĭuring the installation of one of these legacy products, a demo license limited in time will be created: Cubase LE 4, 5 and 6, Cubase AI 4, 5 and 6, WaveLab LE 6Īn Activation Code for a permanent license can be obtained by registering the software online in your MySteinberg account.Depending on the product, the mail includes the Activation Code or a Download Access Code. When redeeming the Download Access Code in the Steinberg Download Assistant, an Activation Code will be automatically generated and used to download and activate your license.Īn Activation Code will also be sent to you by email when you perform a Reactivation in your MySteinberg account. In case you've purchased software as download from our online shop, you've received a confirmation email. Older boxed Steinberg software only: The Activation Code is printed on the included Essential Product License Information card. ![]() When redeeming the Download Access Code in the Steinberg Download Assistant, an Activation Code will be automatically generated and used to download and activate your license. If you have received your Steinberg software in a box, it includes a Download Access Code printed on a sheet ( Essential Product License Information). How do I get my Activation Code?Īctivation Codes can have different sources: This tutorial video shows the Activation process by a practical example. ![]() The Activation via Activation Code will be automatically performed when you redeem a Download Access Code in the Steinberg Download Assistant. After entering an Activation Code, the license will be downloaded and stored either in the Soft-eLicenser - locally on hard disk - or on a connected USB-eLicenser (dongle). The Activation is done in the utility eLicenser Control Center that is being installed along automatically. What does Activation mean?Īny Steinberg software needs to be activated by downloading and storing the required license. The following information is not relevant for you. If your software uses Steinberg Licensing introduced in January 2022, This article refers to eLicenser-based license management. ![]() ![]() Next, it travels to Feudal Japan, where it eats rice, ninja, and buildings, but also consumes Monsterzilla, removing the world's protection from giant monsters and allowing them to ravage the present. Next, it travels to Ancient Rome, where it consumes a feast, people, then buildings and destroys the city, forcing the Romans to pull together and prevent the fall of the empire. It then travels to Egypt, and consumes snakes, mummies, cats, people, buildings, and the pyramids. After being hit by the meteor, the grey goo travels through time again, but each time it travels through time it reverts to a small size. In the present, the scientist and the assistant experience changes in the timeline as they happen in the past. The Grey Goo starts small again in the late Cretaceous period, consuming the plants and animals of the area, before consuming a volcano and being hit by a meteor, which prevents the dinosaurs from going extinct. The blob eats the candy, then the scientific apparatus on the table, followed by rats, then cats, then larger apparatuses, until it is big enough to consume the time machine itself, which makes it travel back in time 65 million years. The assistant thinks the blob looks hungry and gives it some candy. The first comic strip shows a scientist telling his assistant about his new time machine, and also mentioning an accidental discovery, a grey goo blob that is sitting under a beaker. Just like in the original Tasty Planet game, the plot is shown solely through comic strips at the beginning or end of some levels. Tasty Planet: Back for Seconds, the second part of the franchise, was released in September 2010. Video game Tasty Planet: Back For Seconds They are considered the most difficult part of the game. The only change is that the player grows extremely slowly, and it can take over an hour to beat one of these levels. These are variations on 3 existing levels. They are Labs, Outside, Picnic, Ocean, Park, City, Sky, Orbit and Cosmos.Īn additional option selectable from the main menu is the Endurance mode. They are listed in increasing size order as the Grey Goo grows. Tasty Planet is split up into 9 chapters, each containing a depending number of levels. However, its mass becomes too great after devouring the fabric of space and time, and it implodes thus causing the universe to begin again. After eating the moon, Earth, and the rest of the solar system (including Pluto), it moves on to nearby stars like Alpha Centauri and beyond the Milky Way. It eventually launches itself into the sky and then into orbit around Earth. There, the Grey Goo faces its first war from humans, who attempt to use guns, tanks, etc. The Grey Goo then eats through the ocean and is launched by a whale into another park and then to a city. ![]() When they discover it, the pair throw the Grey Goo into the ocean. It then moves on to a picnic table where the scientist and assistant are having lunch. The Grey Goo is then washed down the drain and lands outside, where it moves to a park and grows in size. The scientist tells his assistant "Just go and wash your hands." After the first two levels of the game, the assistant touches the Grey Goo, who bites him and enters his body. They place it under a microscope, and the first level of the game begins. The first comic strip shows a scientist telling his assistant about his latest discovery, the Grey Goo bathroom cleaner. The plot is shown solely through comic strips at the end of some levels. The iOS and Android Tasty Planet games only have the normal mode, and it doesn't have a time limit. In the original Tasty Planet game, there are also 3 bonus levels called Endurance levels, which are long, and can take up to an hour to complete each. The game is arcade in style and has both a casual mode, where players can play for leisure without a timer and the full game which is timed and must be completed before the time runs out to complete the level. The levels follow the Grey Goo as it advances from eating dirt particles to bugs and leaves, and then eventually the rest of the universe. The games are focused on the evolution of a prototype bathroom cleaner, " Grey Goo". The games are targeted at ages 8 years and older, and may be downloaded to Windows or Macintosh systems. Tasty Planet is a widely distributed and diverse franchise of top-down video games published by Vancouver-based studio Dingo Games. ![]() ![]() This includes the option to alter the layout’s columns and rows, picture spacing, and other elements. ![]() Layout Customization: Using Grids, you may alter the Instagram feed’s design to your liking.For companies or influencers that manage many accounts, this is very helpful. several Accounts: Users may manage several Instagram accounts from a single place using Grids for Instagram.For authors who wish to write and publish top-notch tales that they have revised on their PC, this option is very helpful. Story Viewer: From your PC, you can read and upload Instagram stories using the built-in story viewer in Grids.This is particularly helpful for those who wish to publish high-quality photographs and videos on Instagram from their PCs. Post Pictures and movies: Using Grids, you can upload pictures and movies straight from your computer to your Instagram feed.It’s simple to log in and view your profile, feed, and explore sites just as you would if you were using the mobile app. A seamless connection with your Instagram account is what Grids for Instagram is all about.The functionality of the app is likewise straightforward, with tools that make it easy for you to upload, browse, and manage your Instagram material fast and effectively. The style and design of the program is user-friendly, with obvious labels and icons that make it simple to locate and utilize the many functionalities. Grids for Instagram are intended to be simple to use, especially for those who are unfamiliar with the mobile version of Instagram. The app has a slick, contemporary design with top-notch visuals and icons that make it simple to identify and utilize the many features and functions. Although the layout of the app is similar to that of the mobile app, it makes use of the larger screen size of your PC to offer a more immersive and interesting experience. Grids for Instagram’s user interface is clear, simple to use, and straightforward. Other features of the app include the ability to edit the design of your feed, view and post stories directly from your PC, and utilize keyboard shortcuts for faster navigation. The mobile app’s various functions, such as the ability to view and publish pictures, videos, and stories, manage multiple accounts, and browse content, are also available in Grids for Instagram. By letting you manage numerous accounts from a one spot, personalize your feed, and take use of keyboard shortcuts to move around the site more quickly, the app may save you time. You can explore the site more simply and see photographs and videos in better detail. The bigger screen is one of the key advantages of adopting Grids for Instagram. Additionally, the app enables you to view and post Instagram stories straight from your computer, which is especially helpful for content producers who want to write and publish polished stories that they have edited on their desktop. You may alter the number of columns and rows as well as the distance between photographs in your feed’s layout. ![]() Grids is simple to use and features a user-friendly UI. You can manage numerous profiles, submit images and videos, watch stories, and more using this app while still having access to your Instagram account. About Grids Instagram for PCĪ desktop client called Grids for Instagram was created to enhance your PC’s Instagram experience. ![]() We’ll examine Grids for Insta for PC’s features and advantages in more detail in this article. The ability to view and publish images, videos, and narratives, manage various accounts, and other functions are all accessible to users of Grids that are not present on Instagram’s online platform. Grids Instagram for PC Download: Users may access their Instagram accounts and feed from their desktop or laptop computers using the popular Instagram client Grids. ![]() ![]() ![]() This way, you can take advantage of any improvements made to the program and ensure that you're getting accurate benchmark results every time you run a test. TIP: Be sure to keep your copy of CrystalDiskMark up-to-date by regularly checking for updates on its official website. Once that's done, you'll be ready to use the program! Once it's finished, open up the installation file, follow the instructions provided on-screen, and wait for it to finish installing. You can also download CrystalDiskMark directly below: The file should start downloading automatically. Choose the one that fits your needs and click "Download" again. This will open a window where you can choose between two different versions of the program: a basic version and an enhanced version. Download And Installationįirst, navigate to the official website for CrystalDiskMark and click on the "Download" button. With this data, you can then take necessary steps to improve its performance if needed. You'll soon have detailed results about the performance of your hard drive, which will give you insights into how well it's functioning. Once installed, simply launch the program and follow the instructions to run benchmark tests. To use it, you'll need the following:Ī computer with an Intel or AMD processor and at least 512 MB of RAMĪn operating system such as Windows 10 or macOS High SierraĪt least 100 MB of available hard drive spaceĪn internet connection for downloading the program and for running benchmark testsĪdministrator access on your computer so that you can install the program and make any necessary changes to settings. System RequirementsĬrystalDiskMark is a lightweight program that doesn't require a lot of system resources to run. It can help identify defective memory cards or storage devices and can help authenticate them. ![]() Overall, CrystalDiskMark is a valuable tool that can help identify potential issues with your storage device or memory card. With this data, you can make necessary changes to improve overall performance. At the end of the test, you will be provided with detailed information on the read and write speeds of your storage device or memory card and other metrics such as access time and random access time. Simply download and install the program on your computer, then run a benchmark test to get your results. Using CrystalDiskMark is relatively straightforward. The program measures the read and write speeds for an accurate measure of performance. OverviewĬrystalDiskMark is an excellent tool for testing the speed of any storage device or memory card. In this article, we'll examine what it can do and how to use it effectively. Whether you're looking for a way to check the health of your drive, verify its performance, or compare drives, CrystalDiskMark is an excellent tool to use. With its simple user interface and detailed reporting, CrystalDiskMark is ideal for novice users and advanced technicians. It's easy to use and packed with features that allow users to customize their tests and results. Are you looking for a reliable benchmarking tool to test the performance of your memory card, hard drive, or storage device? CrystalDiskMark is a free, open-source software that can help you measure the speed and efficiency of your storage device.ĬrystalDiskMark has become one of the go-to tools in the tech industry for accurately measuring hard drive or memory card performance. ![]() ![]() ![]() Search the Android Google Play store and Apple App Store for "Backflip Studios" to see all our apps.Follow on Twitter for free game announcements and other updates. _NinJump Deluxe is brought to you by Backflip Studios, makers of absurdly fun mobile games like Paper Toss, DragonVale, Strike Knight, Shape Shift, Army of Darkness Defense, Ragdoll Blaster and Graffiti Ball. Get the all-new Deluxe version of the wildly popular NinJump ninja game. ✔ Amazing graphics & charactersInstall NinJump Deluxe today NinJump Deluxe 3.1.1 apk free Download - Mobile. NinJump 3.1.1 An Android climbing game with power ups Vector 1.2.0 A free. How far can your ninja get? NinJump Deluxe comes fully-loaded with:✔ New Pirate, Jungle & Castle levels NinJump Deluxe is brought to you by Backflip Studios, makers of absurdly fun. Your ninja's goal is to jump its way to the top of your screen while avoiding increasingly treacherous obstacles and enemies. Tap to jump from one wall to the other, slashing enemies in your way. Collect shields and amazing new power-ups along the way. Download Ninjump for Android now from Softonic: 100 safe and virus free. Climb ninja, climb In this fast-paced ninja running game, your goal is to climb as high as you can while avoiding evil squirrels, dive-bombing birds, enemy ninjas, throwing stars, exploding bombs & more Effortlessly scale the side of buildings with ninja agility. Download the APK of NinJump Deluxe for Android for free. Jump your way past sea monsters, witch doctors, tropical snakes, monkeys, fire-breathing dragons and enemy ninjas. NinJump Deluxe includes the same addictive ninja climbing fun in entirely new, heart-pounding settings. Download NinJump Deluxe today - it's free! ★★★★★ PRESS REVIEWS ★★★★★"It's a fast-paced game with great graphics and that all-important 'just one more time' factor." ~ "This is a retro treat that once started will prove pretty tricky to put down." ~ Pocket Arcade"It is a casual, quick, pick-up-and-play title." ★★★★★ DESCRIPTION ★★★★★The classic NinJump game has been downloaded over 50 million times by fans around the world. ![]() ![]() ![]() The Movie of Josie and the Pussycats (a co-production between Universal and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer) begins with Boy Band music playing over the Universal logo but is immediately followed by the MGM logo as the music continues, with the lion morphing into a squealing teenage girl.Gigi: Technically the movie had no logo joke, but the day after it steamrolled the Oscars, the MGM studio telephone operators/secretaries/receptionists were ordered to answer all phone calls with "Hello, M-Gigi-M.".One more blood drops from its fangs and segues to the opening credits. The American version is at the end of the cartoon opening where animated versions of Abronsius and Alfred are celebrating as the lion zooms in, roars then sprouts vampire fangs causing them to run off.The original European version is the lion morphing into a vampire where a drop of blood drops off his fang and segues into the opening credits.The Fearless Vampire Killers has two versions:.This tied in with the unused Framing Device of the movie being presented as a Found Footage film discovered by aliens and presented as part of a documentary series called "The Dead Worlds of Antiquity". Specifically, the film would be presented by "Macro-Galaxy-Meteor Pictures" instead, and instead of the lion, there's, as the script describes, "A WEIRD, HYDRA-HEADED, FURRY CREATURE". The film trailer had Steve Irwin stepping into the frame and commenting on the lion.The Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course had a croc instead of the lion.The film itself had a special "70th Anniversary" logo shown on MGM's 1994 lineup).The trailer for the 1994 film Clean Slate has the main character's dog in place of the lion doing the roar.The 1964 archive feature "Big Parade of Comedy" has the MGM logo be covered with an "Out to Lunch" sign, which is removed to reveal the lion is actually eating someone! Seen here.In the trailer for A Night at the Opera, the lion was replaced by the Marx Brothers themselves, under the banner "Marx Gratia Marxes" (instead of "Ars Gratia Artis"), each taking turns miming the lion's roar (Groucho and Chico do okay, but when Harpo takes his turn he honks his ever-present taxi-horn instead), seen here.On a few films, notably Night of Dark Shadows and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (American adaptation), the lion's roars are muted out.Licorice Pizza employed this logo to fit its 1960s-70s setting.The 1968 films 2001: A Space Odyssey and The Subject Was Roses eschewed the standard intro in favor of a stylized blue and gold lion graphic, the same logo being used for their film posters and other marketing at the time.The Battle of the Century is one example. Many of the films Laurel and Hardy made for the studio had the MGM lion replaced by a kitten in the closing credits.The Addams Family (2019): The lion turns mid-roar into Kitty Kat the lion, who sees a red ball and jumps out to play with it, knocking the logo over like a cutout board.The narrator apologizes and we then see the logo and credits. After about 30 seconds into the action, one of the players realizes that the cartoon is forgetting something and stops before he can slide to ask the narrator what happened to the MGM logo. The Tex Avery short " Batty Baseball" started with no logo, just the title of the short.In "Sorry Safari", the words "A Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Cartoon" appear over a cartoon lion from later in the short.In " Tall in the Trap", the logo appears as a "Wanted!" Poster which gets shot at.At the end of " Switchin' Kitten", Jerry runs into a mouse hole and imitates the lion.On the cartoons directed by Chuck Jones, Tanner the Lion is replaced with Tom, who gives his best housecat "roar". ![]() The Lionhearts is about an animated Leo the Lion and his family, and their theme song "Roar" has them all in the MGM logo.A few MGM cartoons from 1942 had Tanner roaring to the tune of the Tiger Rag. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() These services are subject to respective third party terms and conditions. These services may include, but are not limited to gameplay recording and sharing, social medial connectivity and the like. All rights not expressly granted to you herein are reserved by BIGFISH GAMES.īIGFISH GAMES Services may include links to third party services and/or the third party services may be made available to you via BIGFISH GAMES Services. Unless expressly authorized by mandatory legislation, the BIGFISH GAMES Services may not be copied, reproduced or distributed in any manner or medium, in whole or in part, without prior written consent from BIGFISH GAMES. The BIGFISH GAMES Services are protected by applicable laws and treaties throughout the world. BIGFISH GAMES retains all right, title and interest in and to the BIGFISH GAMES Services, including, but not limited to, all copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, trade names, proprietary rights, patents, titles, computer codes, audiovisual effects, themes, characters, character names, stories, dialog, settings, artwork, sound effects, musical works, and moral rights whether registered or not and all applications thereof. Your license terminates immediately if you attempt to circumvent any technical protection measures used in connection with the Software and/or Services or you otherwise use the Software and/or Services in breach of the terms of this EULA. The term of your licenses under this EULA shall commence on the date that you accept this EULA and install or otherwise use the Software and/or Services and ends on the earlier date of either your disposal of the Software and/or Services or BIGFISH GAMES's termination of this EULA. The rights granted herein are subject to your compliance with this EULA. Subject to this EULA and its terms and conditions, BIGFISH GAMES hereby grants you a non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-sublicensable, limited right and license to use the Services as provided by BIGFISH GAMES, for your personal non-commercial use, in the manner permitted by this EULA. The Software is being licensed to you and you hereby acknowledge that no title or ownership in the Software is being transferred or assigned and this EULA is not to be construed as a sale of any rights in the Software. Subject to this EULA and its terms and conditions, BIGFISH GAMES hereby grants you a non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-sublicensable, limited right and license to use one copy of the Software for your personal non-commercial use on a single computer or gaming unit, unless otherwise specified in the Software documentation. If you do not accept the terms of this EULA, do not install, use or access the BIGFISH GAMES Services. BY INSTALLING, USING OR ACCESSING THE BIGFISH GAMES SERVICES OR ANY MATERIALS INCLUDED IN OR WITH THE BIGFISH GAMES SERVICES, YOU HEREBY ACCEPT THE TERMS OF THIS EULA. YOUR USE OF THE SOFTWARE (AS SPECIFIED BELOW) IS SUBJECT TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN THIS EULA. ![]() Software and Services are collectively referred to as “BIGFISH GAMES Services”. “Services” means all services made available by BIGFISH GAMES, including but not limited to services accessed through mobile games, by means of a browser or by other online communication method. Software also includes updates and upgrades as well as accompanying manual(s), packaging and other written, files, electronic or on-line materials or documentation, and any and all copies of such software and its materials. This EULA governs your use of Software and Services (as specified below).įor purposes of this EULA "Software" means all software programs distributed, published or otherwise made available by BIGFISH GAMES or its affiliates including, but not limited to mobile software, downloadable/installable software for personal computer, and software accessed by means of a browser or other online communication method. The following terms of service and end user license agreement (“EULA”) constitute an agreement between you and BIGFISH GAMES and its affiliates (“BIGFISH GAMES”). TERMS OF SERVICE AND END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR WANDERING WILLOWS ![]() ![]() ![]() I know the target will be in one of the four corners, but I can’t see the screen, so I tap the relevant corner based on where she is looking, and if that is where the grating is, the target is presented, until the threshold is reached. Iain: This video captures the reference standard: We then formalised the build into an iPad app, Peekaboo Vision, which is an app that is CE marked as a medical device, and is the new clinical standard for infant vision testing in our Trust.ĭaniel: Can you share what the physical ‘cards’ look like that are typically used for this type of eye test? It’s incredible that Hype can make these tests easier and cheaper to administer at scale and improve health outcomes. There, we recognised that a lower cost digital platform could be quite transformative, and undertook a clinical evaluation, echoing our findings from the adult cohort. We then took the prototype to Malawi, where we do a course teaching ophthalmic clinical officers (non-medical) in Malawi to test vision in the very young. We formally evaluated this test with adult volunteers using a range of blurring lenses, and observed the paradigm was actually more reliable (better test-retest repeatability) than the reference standard. ![]() It was also ultra-portable and much faster. It worked a charm, and I quickly noticed that children preferred a tablet-based test to the traditional cards, with the animated cartoon rewards increasing their interest and engagement. I used Hype years ago to make a proof of concept test, where a child presses on a grating target and gets an animation and sound reward. ![]() Iain: Infant vision tests have remained largely unchanged for over 30 years, comprising a set of large, expensive cards. Could you give me a brief explanation of the project and the goals behind it for a non-medical audience? Iain was kind enough to answer some questions about this project and his upcoming research in the area of infant vision:ĭaniel: It would be great to know a bit more about how you created this test platform in Hype and how you translated the testing platform and research question into the prototype. In January of 2019, Iain published Testing Pediatric Acuity With an iPad: Validation of “Peekaboo Vision” in Malawi and the UK in Translational Vision Science & Technology covering his research, which was prototyped in Hype and is coming soon to the App Store. Iain developed a more portable and accurate tool to test infant vision, improving upon techniques created in the 80s. We’re happy to introduce a project created by Iain Livingston, an ophthalmologist and researcher based in NHS Forth Valley, Scotland. The project featured below pioneers a new medical examination technique. When unique and interesting projects built with Hype come across our desk at Tumult, we like to reach out and learn more about the individuals and the stories behind the work. ![]() ![]() The second and next level, is the District Court that is based on the British System, where more high level legal matters were handled and connected to the state system of government and hierarchy (Mary M. This court handles family and land matters primarily. The first of the court systems were the customary courts at the local level, men were expected to sit on one side and women on the other, everyone voting on public matters (Yoruba Legal Systems). How is that possible you might ask? There are three types of courts for legal matters disputes in Yoruba. “Yoruba history and politics in Nigeria are dynamic rather than static.” Is how author Falola who studies African Affairs described the Yoruba government (Yoruba Identity). Based on this, I would say that religion effected gender roles in Yoruba culture by simply making the people aware of gender and it’s hierarchy in certain religions.įinally, how does the role of gender play into their societies government? To first answer this we need to know what type of government they conduct. ![]() At one point in history, a woman must pray to her husband’s Ifa and find her spiritual fate through her husbands (Peel). One consequence of this primary gender being the heads of religion is that the Yoruba people began to establish a hierarchy in religion based on gender (Peel). Christian pastors and Muslim Babalawo were predominately men. In Africa, more specifically, Yoruba, we have to understand that the Yoruba people worship many gods who did not have genders placed upon them (Peel).The influence of other religions started to help differentiate and define gender. What it interesting is that in Yoruban religion, women are typically the most respected of traditional priests (Ember). The largest findings of Muslim and Christians followers are in the Yoruba ethnic group. Fifty percent of Nigeria are Muslims, forty percent are Christian, and ten percent practice ingenious religions (Ember). Let’s explore what the effects of religion has been in regards to gender roles. There has been an obvious increase in polygamous marriages and I think that this stems from the encounter of new religions brought during colonialism. The leader of the Yoruba people, King Ojaja, has three wives and a recent divorce to his would have been fourth wife (). That is not the case today, one prime example of expressing polygamy is the Ooni of Ife. Also according to Johnson, the Yoruba people were traditionally monogamous and polygamy was reserved for the wealthy. One thing that does seem to have changed is that divorce was not a common occurrence in precolonial times and now a days a man has the free privilege to divorce a wife (Johnson). A woman was considered to be a possession of the family that she marries into, being passed to a brother if her husband died or the family having rights to the children she bore (Johnson). A woman’s place in society was once based on her being a daughter of her father and one of the In Yoruba, marriage is expected of each sex at the socially deemed appropriate age, women in their twenties and men in their thirties. Speaking of domestic roles, one interesting place to study is the Yoruba culture’s marriages and traditions in regards to gender roles. In a review of McIntosh’s book, another scholar Insa Nolte, concluded that, “Yoruba women adapted their skills to support more widespread cultural notions as well as continuing their domestic roles” (Nolte). According to McIntosh in her book Yoruba Women, Work, and Social Change, she summarizes that independent roles were played by women on agriculture and trade until colonial ideas about “female professions” changed the career paths of women (McIntosh). ![]() I don’t think that they shifted negatively for women, I believe it gave women more opportunity to have careers that they wished. In Yoruba I found that as time has changed and more outside influences were in contact with the Yoruba, the more the gender roles in Yoruba shifted. I found that in over sixteen countries people believe that men have the first right to jobs, that they believe males are more fit for political positions, and that women should have children to be fulfilled (Weziak-Bialowolska). To get these answer, I began to read about the differences in gender normality’s across different countries. ![]() |
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